About Indonesia
The climate and weather of Indonesia
Climate
The climate
and weather of Indonesia is characterized by two tropical seasons, which vary
with the equatorial air circulation (The Walker Circulation) and the meridian air
circulation (The Hardley Circulation). The displacement of the latter follows
the north-south movement of the sun and its relative position form the earth,
in particular from the continents of Asia and Australia, at certain periods of
the year.
These factors
contribute to the displacement and instensity of the Inter-Tropical Convergence
Zone (ITCZ) which is an equatorial trough of low pressure that produces rain.
Thus, the west and east monsoons, or the rainy and dry seasons, are a prevalent
feature of the tropical climate.
The Main
Seasons
The climate
changes every six months. The dry season (June to September) is influenced by
the Australian continental air masses; while the rainy season (December to
March) is the result of the Asian and Pacific Ocean air masses. The air
contains vapor which precipitates and produces rain in the country. Tropical
areas have rains almost the whole year through. However, the climate of Central
Maluku is an exception. The rainy season is from June to September and the dry
season from December to March. The transitional periods between the two seasons
are April to May and October to November.
Temperature
and Humidity
Due to the
large number of islands and mountains in the country, average temperatures may
be classified as follows: coastal plains : 28°C inland and mountain areas :
26°C higher mountain areas: 23°C, varying with the altitude.
Being in a
tropical zone, Indonesia has an average relative humidity between 70% and 90%, with
a minimum of 73% and a maximum of 87%.
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