About Indonesia "Population"
Population
People
The population policy is directed toward development of the population as human resources in order that the national development can be effective and valuable, while the quality of life is gradually improving. Meanwhile, the control of population growth is carried out through efforts to lower the birth and mortality rate, especially that of infants and children. These efforts in particular have been implemented through family planning programs which also have the purpose of improving the welfare of mother and child and at the same time create a small, happy, and prosperous family.
The population policy is directed toward development of the population as human resources in order that the national development can be effective and valuable, while the quality of life is gradually improving. Meanwhile, the control of population growth is carried out through efforts to lower the birth and mortality rate, especially that of infants and children. These efforts in particular have been implemented through family planning programs which also have the purpose of improving the welfare of mother and child and at the same time create a small, happy, and prosperous family.
Birth Rate
The crude birth rate declined drastically from 24.5 per 1000 in 1993 to 19 in 2006. In the meantime, the fertility rate also declined from 3.3 per 1000 women of childbearing age in 1990 to 2.27 in 2000.
Several factors including a rising living standard, higher educational level and improved health services, contributed to the birth rate decline. But the greatest proportion is attributable to the increasing number of people participating in family planning, especially the new eligible couples. Moreover, contraception has become more widespread and effective, making it easier to plan families; and sterilization of men and women has also become more common.
Postponement of conception in marriages, and a trend towards later marriage has also become more popular. The available data show that the average age for marriage rose from 20.0 in 1980, to 25.0 in 2005.
The crude birth rate declined drastically from 24.5 per 1000 in 1993 to 19 in 2006. In the meantime, the fertility rate also declined from 3.3 per 1000 women of childbearing age in 1990 to 2.27 in 2000.
Several factors including a rising living standard, higher educational level and improved health services, contributed to the birth rate decline. But the greatest proportion is attributable to the increasing number of people participating in family planning, especially the new eligible couples. Moreover, contraception has become more widespread and effective, making it easier to plan families; and sterilization of men and women has also become more common.
Postponement of conception in marriages, and a trend towards later marriage has also become more popular. The available data show that the average age for marriage rose from 20.0 in 1980, to 25.0 in 2005.
Mortality Rate
According to the statistics the expectation of life at birth in 1971 was 47.5 years for a man was 45.7 years representing a rise of about 15 years since the late 1960s, compared to 62.7 for 1990 and 70.0 for 2000. This shows the increase of living condition and Indonesians in the past 45 years.
The crude death rate in 1988 was 7.9 per 1,000 people against 3.58 per 1,000 in 2003. The infant mortality rate declined from 67 per 1,000 life birth in 1988 to 52 in 2000. Furthermore, the crude death rate had decreased from 17 in 1970s to only 6 in 2006.
Causes for the decline in the mortality rate include better nutrition, a rising standard of living, advances in medical science, growth of medical facilities, improved health measures, better working conditions, education in personal hygiene, and small nuclear families.
According to the statistics the expectation of life at birth in 1971 was 47.5 years for a man was 45.7 years representing a rise of about 15 years since the late 1960s, compared to 62.7 for 1990 and 70.0 for 2000. This shows the increase of living condition and Indonesians in the past 45 years.
The crude death rate in 1988 was 7.9 per 1,000 people against 3.58 per 1,000 in 2003. The infant mortality rate declined from 67 per 1,000 life birth in 1988 to 52 in 2000. Furthermore, the crude death rate had decreased from 17 in 1970s to only 6 in 2006.
Causes for the decline in the mortality rate include better nutrition, a rising standard of living, advances in medical science, growth of medical facilities, improved health measures, better working conditions, education in personal hygiene, and small nuclear families.
Urbanization
Like in many countries, particularly those in the developing world, the city is always the major attraction for the rural population. This is especially true where the land no longer offers an effective means to learn a living. Indonesia is no exception. Over the years, particularly after World War II, cities have grown rapidly in population, so much so that municipal governments have not been very successful in coping with the impact of urbanization. Prevalent are the pressing needs for employment, housing, transportation and other social requirements.
Like in many countries, particularly those in the developing world, the city is always the major attraction for the rural population. This is especially true where the land no longer offers an effective means to learn a living. Indonesia is no exception. Over the years, particularly after World War II, cities have grown rapidly in population, so much so that municipal governments have not been very successful in coping with the impact of urbanization. Prevalent are the pressing needs for employment, housing, transportation and other social requirements.
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